Data Converter ICs are electronic devices that convert signals from one form to another, such as between analog and digital signals. These ICs are crucial for processing real-world analog signals (e.g., sound, light, temperature) in digital systems, enabling digital devices to interpret and manipulate physical phenomena. The primary types of data converters are Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) and Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs), though there are other specialized converters such as Analog Front-End (AFE) ICs and Digital-to-Analog-to-Digital Converters (DADCs).